Application And Interpretation Of Public Health Data
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
February 4, 2021Cryptography-Sub Cipher
February 4, 2021I need the following questions answered in 150 words each. Please answer questions as asked with no omissions and please attach references with each question.
MODULE 1
Q1
Statistics is an important component of public health. Explain the relevance of statistics in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a health promotion intervention. How do you envision using statistics in your current or future career?
Q2
Describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods. Explain how each are used in public health.
RESOURCES
Read Chapter 1 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.
View “The Human Insights Missing From Big Data,” by Wang (2016), located on the TED website.
URL: https://www.ted.com/talks/tricia_wang_the_human_insights_missing_from_big_data
Read “Statistics and Public Health at CDC,” by Sieber, Green, and Williamson (2006), located on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.
URL:https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5502a9.htm
View “Why You Should Love Statistics,” by Smith (2017), located on the YouTube website.
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogeGJS0GEF4&feature=youtu.be
View the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.
1. Statistics
2. Data
3. Continuous Data
4. Discrete Data
5. Interval Level
6. Ordinal Data
7. Nominal Data
8. Population
9. Sample
10. Parameter
11. Statistic
URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
Read “Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data in Mixed Methods Research – Challenges and Benefits,” by Almalki, from Journal of Education and Learning (2016).
URL: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1110464.pdf
SPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.
URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-Workspace
After Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.
Read “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health,” from PH717 Module 1B – Descriptive Tools: Descriptive Epidemiology and Descriptive Statistics, located on the Boston University Medical Campus, School of Public Health website (2019).
MODULE 2
Q1
Frequency distributions can be graphed with bar charts, histograms or polygons. Choose one variable from the “Health Behavior Data Set” and discuss which type of graph is appropriate and why. Refer to section 2.3 in the Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences textbook as needed for assistance.
Q2
The mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. Explain why these measures are crucial to public health data analysis.
STUDY MATERIALS
Read Chapters 2, 3, and 5 (section 5.1) in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences. URL:
Read “Data Collection for Program Evaluation,” located on the Northwest Center for Public Health Practice website (2019). URL: https://www.nwcphp.org/docs/data_collection/data_collection_toolkit.pdf
Read “Statistical Methods Used in the Public Health Literature and Implications for Training of Public Health Professionals,” by Hayat, Powell, Johnson, and Cadwell, from PLoS One (2017). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462407/
View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.
1. Frequency Tables and Histograms
2. Descriptive Statistics
View the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.
1. Confounding
2. Histogram
View the following calculations in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.
1. Frequency Distribution
2. Measure of Center “Mean”
3. Measure of Center “Median”
4. Measure of Center “Mode”
5. Range and Standard Deviation
6. Variance
URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html
You will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac.
URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-ins
You will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac. URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-ins
View “The Beginner’s Guide to Excel – Excel Basics Tutorial,” by Technology for Teachers and Students (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwbho0CgEAE&feature=youtu.be
MODULE 3
Q1
Summarize the six steps of hypothesis testing. Propose a scenario in which hypothesis testing is applied to public health data.
Q2
Compare and contrast descriptive and inferential statistics. Discuss why both descriptive and inferential statistics are used in the analysis of public health data.
STUDY MATERIALS
Read Chapters 6 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.
URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php.
Read “Significance,” by Frey, from The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation (2018).
Read “Chapter 12 Descriptive Statistics,” by McGregor, from Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide (2018).
URL: https://methods-sagepub-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/book/understanding-and-evaluating-research/i2843.xml
View “Statistical Significance, the Null Hypothesis and P-Values Defined and Explained in One Minute,” by One Minute Economics (2018), located on the YouTube website.
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb75_GFPD9A&feature=youtu.be
View “SPSS for Beginners 1: Introduction,” by Research Design (2011), located on the YouTube website.
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADDR3_Ng5CA&feature=youtu.be
View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.
1. Frequency Tables and Histograms
2. Descriptive Statistics
SPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.
URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-Workspace
After Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.
View “Introduction to SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.
MODULE 4
Q1
Correlation is a common statistic to measure a general linear relationship between two variables. Explain why correlation does not equal causation.
Q2
Explain the differences between parametric and nonparametric tests. How do you determine if a parametric or nonparametric test should be used when analyzing data?
STUDY MATERIALS
Read Chapters 13 and 15in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.
Read “Correlation of Sleep Quality With Physical Activity and Memory Among Young Adults,” by Dubey, Tiwari, and Siddiqui, from Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (2019).
Read “The Role of Community-Wide Wearing of Face Mask for Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Due to SARS-CoV-2,” by Cheng et al., from Journal of Infection (2020).
URL: https://www-sciencedirect-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0163445320302358?via%3Dihub
Explore the “Adolescent and School Health” page located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.
URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/
Utilize topics from the Loom Help Center website for assistance on installing Loom software and software usage.
URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/opentest-inc/2018/loom_1e.php
View “Conducting a Pearson Correlation and Chi-Square Test in SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.